Fee Ra Huri Translation

Scholarship has argued that the Ottoman timar system was an efficient way to provide military forces in a non-monetized economy. As the state granted its sources of revenue to timariots in return for military service, it was financially relieved of the need to pay the expenses of the cavalry. Several documents so far neglected by scholars and evidencing the practice of cash loans to timariots during military campaigns prove otherwise. This paper analyzes the process of the generation of timariots’ disposable income in the framework of actor-network theory. It is argued that the granting of loans demonstrated an attempt to regulate the cash flow of the timariot’s income during campaigns, which was necessitated by problems of transforming tax revenues into disposable form. In the light of documents evidencing cash loans, it is further argued that cash loans reflect the vulnerability of the Ottoman timar system.

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The entire editorial workflow is performed using the Dergipark Online Manuscript Tracking System.

Once a manuscript is submitted, it is assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable will be peer-reviewed by at least two reviewers.

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission’s compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines. Please read and follow these instructions carefully; doing so will ensure that the publication of your manuscript is as rapid and efficient as possible. The Publisher reserves the right to return manuscripts that are not prepared in accordance with these instructions.

Download the template here.

Manuscript preparation

- The complete manuscript should contain full text, figures, tables and references. MS word document with file  extension ".doc" or ".docx" is preferred.

- All manuscripts will be peer-reviewed by at least two referees.

- Manuscripts should be typed single-spaced on A4 size paper in Times New Roman, with 20 mm margins including references, table titles and figure captions.

Organize your manuscript as follows:

Title Page

The title page should include:

 ·      A concise and informative title: Should be no more than 20 words

Title (Times New Roman pt)

·      Full name(s) of the author(s), corresponding author should be indicated with asterisk (*)

Authors (Times New Roman pt)

·      The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s)

1 Address. (Times New Roman-8 pt)

2 Address. (Times NewRoman-8 pt) The e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers of the corresponding author

Abstract

Abstract font size should be 9pt.

Abstract should not exceed words and should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references

Keywords

Font size should be 9pt. Three to six key words should be listed below the abstract.

Text is usually divided into following sections:

1. Introduction

2. Materials and Methods

3. Results

4. Discussion and Conclusion

5. Acknowledgements

6. References

Titles and text font size should be 10 pt

If there are subtitles font size should be 10 pt and italic

Tables and Figures should be cited in the text and they should follow the text; see below for details.

References

- All references should be cited in the text, and vice versa.

- References should be prepared according to APA Style.

- References in languages other than English must be referred to by an English translation (with the original language indicated in parentheses).

  • Article in Journal:

Ackerman, D., Weisberg, S.B. (). Relationship between rainfall and beach bacterial concentrations on Santa Monica Bay Beaches. Journal of Water Health, 1(2),

    • Book chapter:

Cupples, A.M., Xagorarki, I., Rose, J. (). New molecular methods for detection of woterbone pathogens. In: Mitchell, R., Gu, J.D. (Eds.), Environmental Microbiology (pp. ), New Jersey, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.

    • Book:

Hagedorn, C., Blanch, A.R., Harwood, V.J. (). Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies. London: Springer.

    • Theses:

Zeki, S. (). Assessing microbial water quality by membrane filtration and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods at Golden Horn (PhD thesis). Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

    • Institutional Web Pages:

FAO (). Information on fisheries management in Bulgaria and Romania. Retrieved 26 June from  webgrid.co.uk

Tables

Number tables consecutively in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, ). Title of the table should be written on top of the table. Descriptions about table items should be placed at the bottom of the table with an asterisk.

Table 1. Table title font size should be 10 pt. (Single line)

Figures

Number Figures consecutively in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, ). Title of the figure and descriptions about figure items should be written on bottom of the figure

Figure 1. Figure caption font size will be 10 pt. (Single line). Submit each caption directly below each figure. Maximum figure width: mm

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While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. 

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

All articles are subject to independent anonymous peer review. Articles accepted for publication become the copyright of the journal, unless otherwise specifically agreed. All contributions should be original and should not be under consideration elsewhere. Authors should be aware that they are writing for an international audience and should use non-discriminatory language.

Papers to be published in ELTResearch Journal must not have been published previously elsewhere. However, papers presented at a conference and not published in their entirety in the conference proceedings may be considered for publication providing that this is stated as a footnote under the title. A statement by the author is requested to this effect. All submissions will be checked to ensure originality by means of plagiarism detectors.

Submitted papers will be reviewed on the basis of the quality of their argument, the contemporary nature of their work, and the exemplary nature of their research for cross national contexts relating to teaching and learning of English as a foreign/second language.

To submit an article, authors must first register to the website. Articles are submitted through a five-step submission process. Please click on ‘start a new submission’ to submit your paper. An anonymous version of the paper (without the name(s) and affiliations of the author(s), without the acknowledgements) must be submitted. In the case of the author’s identity being clear from the text, the writer should refer to themselves as “AUTHOR” throughout the article. This is crucial for the blind review procedures.  ELT Research Journal Submission Form must be sent as a supplementary file. In submission form, a short biography, not exceeding words, should be provided for each author. 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTS REQUESTED BY THE AUTHORS

As a requirement of TR Dizin (TR) index, there are certain requirements with which authors have to comply in terms of research ethics and they have to provide some supplementary documents. In this regard, the following guidelines will be applied and required from the authors who are thinking of submitting their manuscripts to ELT-RJ.

1) It is obligatory to obtain an official document from Ethics Board/Committee Approval for your research if it requires to obtain a permission. If you believe that you are unable to obtain such a document, it is advisable that you not submit or withdraw your submission. Without the necessary official document from ethics board/committee approval for scientific research, it will not be possible to initiate the evaluation process of the articles. Even if your paper is accepted, it will not be published without presenting the official document.

2) In addition, authors should refer to the approval of the committee in their paper as well. They need to present such information (e.g., name of the board, date and the document number) in the methodology section of their paper. This information must also be placed either in the footnote of the first page or last page of the article.
3) Authors are also required to present a “Conflict of Interest Statement” at the end of their paper. The example below can be copied and pasted to their paper.
The Conflict of Interest Statement
In line with the statement of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), I/we hereby declare that I/we had no conflicting interests regarding any parties of this study.

4) Authors need to state the amount of contribution each author has made to their paper at the end of their paper.
Contributions of authors
Author A: data collection, writing the methodology, …
Author B: Literature Review, Bibliography, …

5) Finally, the authors can also present an acknowledgment part in which they can also mention any funding they have received to carry out the study. This part is optional for the authors.
Acknowledgment
I would like to thank ….. for helping the quantitative analysis of data. This research study is funded by ………………………. (indicate the EU/TUBITAK Project Number and name here) without any occurrence of conflicting interest in the manner of author(s).

STYLE GUIDELINES

The content of the journal is available only in English.

Length of articles

The length of articles, excluding appendices and bibliography, should be between and words. Longer articles of academic importance and topical interest may, however, be considered.  

Title

The title of the paper should be less than 13 words.

Abstract

The abstract (between words) should be followed immediately by the Keywords (maximum 6) used in the article.

Full Text

Since ELT Research Journal is published in English, manuscripts should be submitted only in English.

Format of Electronic Articles

Articles sent to the journal in electronic form should be written in Times New Roman 12 point with double line spacing and justified on left. Margins should be arranged to cm on the right and left, and at the top and bottom. Page numbers, headers, and footers should not be used. Explanatory notes should be given as endnotes before the references, not as footnotes.

Tables and Figures

Any special characters used in the text should be sent together with the article. Tables, graphics, figures, and photographs included in the article must be inserted in the text. Tables need to be drawn according to APA guidelines. Any papers that do not conform to the policies outlined above in the style guidelines cannot be considered for publication in the Journal.

Referring to Other People’s Work in the Text

References within the text should be shown in brackets with the surname, date and/or page number [e.g. (Riding & Rayner, , p. 1) or (Riding & Rayner, )]. All references should be shown in the references section. Extracts of less than 40 words should be shown between the lines in “quotation marks” whereas longer ones should be indented 1,25 cm from the left and right margins without quotation marks as a block.

Example

In their conclusion to their review of cognitive styles and learning strategies, Riding and Rayner (, p. ) conclude that

Much of the work on style to date has been exploratory in nature – mapping the ground. The next stage is now required to systematically investigate the aspects, nature, role, relationship to other constructs and practical applications of style. This should significantly advance the understanding of individual differences and indicate the extent of the practical importance of style.

GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS

Please note that ELT Research Journal follows the format recommended in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA – 6th edition). Therefore, please ensure that your article adhere to APA requirements. However, if you are not familiar with the APA requirements, you can check out the following websites for information about APA guidelines. 

Here are some suggestions for academic writing.

• Use impersonal style throughout your paper and focus on the issue, not the writer by avoiding the use of the personal pronouns ‘I’ and ‘we’.
  • Use formal vocabulary.
  • Use objective language whenever possible as you are stating facts.
  • Use markers such as ‘firstly’, ‘secondly’, and ‘finally’.
  • Use linkers such as ‘as a result’ and ‘therefore’.
  • Use any verb that can replace a phrasal verb.
  • Back up your points with reasons and examples.
• Avoid the use of contractions (use full forms instead: e.g. do not rather than don't).
• Avoid the use of extreme adjectives and exclamations.
• Avoid the use of colloquial English.

• Ensure that the first usage of abbreviations both in the abstract and the article should be spelled out, e.g.: Short-Term Memory (STM); and do not switch between the abbreviated and written-out forms of a term throughout your paper.
• Do not explain standard abbreviations such as ELT and EFL.
• Avoid expressions with slashes such as ‘and/or’.

Please use the following items as a checklist before sending your manuscript.

• Supply at least four keywords (up to six) to your article that are easy for indexing and search purposes.
• Supply an abstract of no more than words.
• Double space your article.
• Indent new paragraphs.
• Use APA format for in-text citations.
• Use APA format for the reference list.
• Ensure that your in-text citations and reference list match exactly.
• Order the entries in the reference list alphabetically by the surname of the first author.
• Order the in-text citations of two or more works within the same parentheses alphabetically by the surname of the first author.
• Ensure that the punctuation used in your article adhere to APA format.
• Consider benefiting from language editing services.
• If you have questions about ELT Research Journal format, please let us know.

Plagiarism Screening Policy

Sample Reference List

Ajideh, P. (). Schema theory-based pre-reading tasks: A neglected essential in the ESL reading class. The Reading Matrix, 3(1), Retrieved on November 10, from webgrid.co.uk

Alderson, J. C. (). Assessing reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Alexander, P. A., & Jetton, T. (). Learning from text: A multidimensional and developmental perspective. In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.),  Handbook of reading research (Vol. 3, pp. ). Mattwah: Earlbaum.

Alptekin, C. (). Multicompetence revisited: from EFL to ELF. Plenary speech at the 5th ELT Research Conference – May , Bridging the gap between theory and practice in ELT. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey.

Carrell, P. L. (). Some issues in studying the role of schemata, or background knowledge, in second language comprehension. Reading in a Foreign Language, 1,

Carrell, P. L. (). Content and formal schemata in ESL reading. TESOL Quarterly, 21,

Carrell, P. L. (). Some causes of text-boundedness and schema interference in ESL reading. In P. L. Carrell, J. Devine, & D. E. Eskey (Eds.), Interactive approaches to second language reading (pp. ). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Carrell, P. L., & Eisterhold, J. C. (). Schema theory and ESL reading. TESOL Quarterly, 17,

Chastain, K. (). Developing second-language skills (3rd ed.). San Diego: Harcourt Brave Jovanocich.

Dörnyei, Z. (). Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning: Advances in theory, research and applications. Language Learning, 53,

Dörnyei, Z. (). The psychology of the language learner. New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum.

Ellis, N. C. (). Memory for language. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Cognition and second language instruction (pp. ). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Grabe, W. (). Current developments in second language reading research. TESOL Quarterly, 25,

Grabe, W., & Stoller, L. F. (). Teaching and researching reading. Harlow: Pearson Education.

Longman dictionary of contemporary English. (). London: Longman.

McLaughlin, B. (). Theories of second language learning. London: Edward Arnold.

McLaughlin, B., Rossman, T., & McLeod, B. (). Second language learning: An information-processing perspective. Language Learning, 33,

Oxford, R. (). Use of language learning strategies: A synthesis of studies with implications for strategy training. System 17, –

Oxford, R. L. (a). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. New York: Newbury House Publishers.

Oxford, R. (b). Styles, strategies, and aptitude: Connections for language learning. In T. S. Parry, & C. W. Stansfield (Eds.), Language aptitude reconsidered (pp. ). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Oxford, R. L. (Ed.) (). Language learning strategies around the world: Cross- cultural perspectives. Honolulu: University of Hawaii.

Oxford, R. L. (). Language learning styles and strategies. In M. Celce-Murcia (Ed.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.

Oxford, R. (). Towards a more systematic model of L2 learner autonomy. In D. Palfreyman, & R. C. Smith (Eds.), Learner autonomy across cultures: Language education perspectives (pp. 75–92). Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke.

Oxford, R., & Crookall, D. (). Research on language learning strategies: Methods, findings, and instructional issues. Modern Language Journal, 73, 

Oxford, R. L., & Nyikos, M. (). Variables affecting choice of language learning strategies by university students. The Modern Language Journal, 73, –

Oxford, R. L., & Burry-Stock, J. A. (). Assessing the use of language learning strategies worldwide with the ESL/EFL version of the strategy inventory for language learning (SILL). System, 23(1),

Oxford, R. L., & Ehrman, M. (). Adult’s language learning strategies in an intensive foreign language program in the United States. System, 23, –

Oxford, R., & Green, J. (). Comments on Virginia LoCastro's “Learning strategies and learning environments” -- Making sense of learning strategy assessment: Toward a higher standard of research accuracy. TESOL Quarterly, 29,

Zhaohua, S. (). Effects of previewing and providing background knowledge on EFL reading comprehension of American documentary narratives. TESL Reporter, 37(2),

This journal permits and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal on personal websites or institutional repositories both prior to and after publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable, its publication in this journal.UDEAD- International Association of Research in Foreign Language Education and Applied Lingusitics This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of webgrid.co.uk names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other webgrid.co.uk copyediting stage is intended to improve the flow, clarity, grammar, wording, and formatting of the article. It represents the last chance for the author to make any substantial changes to the text because the next stage is restricted to typos and formatting corrections. The file to be copyedited is in Word or .rtf format and therefore can easily be edited as a word processing document. The set of instructions displayed here proposes two approaches to copyediting. One is based on Microsoft Word's Track Changes feature and requires that the copy editor, editor, and author have access to this program. A second system, which is software independent, has been borrowed, with permission, from the Harvard Educational Review. The journal editor is in a position to modify these instructions, so suggestions can be made to improve the process for this journal.

Copyediting Systems
1. Microsoft Word's Track Changes Under Tools in the menu bar, the feature Track Changes enables the copy editor to make insertions (text appears in color) and deletions (text appears crossed out in color or in the margins as deleted). The copy editor can posit queries to both the author (Author Queries) and to the editor (Editor Queries) by inserting these queries in square brackets. The copyedited version is then uploaded, and the editor is notified. The editor then reviews the text and notifies the author. The editor and author should leave those changes with which they are satisfied. If further changes are necessary, the editor and author can make changes to the initial insertions or deletions, as well as make new insertions or deletions elsewhere in the text. Authors and editors should respond to each of the queries addressed to them, with responses placed inside the square brackets. After the text has been reviewed by editor and author, the copy editor will make a final pass over the text accepting the changes in preparation for the layout and galley stage. 2. Harvard Educational Review Instructions for Making Electronic Revisions to the Manuscript Please follow the following protocol for making electronic revisions to your manuscript: Responding to suggested changes. For each of the suggested changes that you accept, unbold the text. For each of the suggested changes that you do not accept, re-enter the original text and bold it. Making additions and deletions. Indicate additions by bolding the new text. Replace deleted sections with: [deleted text]. If you delete one or more sentence, please indicate with a note, e.g., [deleted 2 sentences]. Responding to Queries to the Author (QAs). Keep all QAs intact and bolded within the text. Do not delete them. To reply to a QA, add a comment after it. Comments should be delimited using: [Comment:] e.g., [Comment: Expanded discussion of methodology as you suggested]. Making comments. Use comments to explain organizational changes or major revisions e.g., [Comment: Moved the above paragraph from p. 5 to p. 7]. Note: When referring to page numbers, please use the page numbers from the printed copy of the manuscript that was sent to you. This is important since page numbers may change as a document is revised electronically.

An Illustration of an Electronic Revision

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3. Final Copyedit: The journal copy editor will verify changes made by the author and incorporate the responses to the author queries to create a final manuscript. When finished, the copy editor will upload the final document through the journal Web site and alert the layout editor to complete formatting.
   

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